Access Control System (ACS)

What is Access Control System (ACS) ???

Access Control System typical Architecture

An access control system (ACS) is a type of security that manages and controls who or what is allowed entrance to a system, environment or facility.

It identifies entities that have access to a controlled device or facility based on the validity of their credentials.

An ACS is primarily a physical operation implemented within high security areas, such as data centers, government/military institutes and similar facilities.

Typically, an ACS manages, monitors and controls human access to the protected equipment or facility. Most ACSs are designed to take a user provided credential as input, verify/authenticate privileges using the access control list (ACL) and grant/deny access based on the findings.

For example, using biometric security, an ACS can be used to authorize only legitimate access to a data center facility. The individual must provide his or her thumb print, focal or vocal credentials to an ACS, which is then verified through comparison with its database, and grants access only with valid permission.

Types of Access Control System (ACS)   :-

There are two types of access control: physical and logical. Physical access control limits access to campuses, buildings, rooms and physical IT assets. Logical access control limits connections to computer networks, system files and data.

To secure a facility, organizations use electronic access control systems that rely on user credentials, access card readers, auditing and reports to track employee access to restricted business locations and proprietary areas, such as data centers. Some of these systems incorporate access control panels to restrict entry to rooms and buildings as well as alarms and lockdown capabilities to prevent unauthorized access or operations.

Access control systems perform identification authentication and authorization of users and entities by evaluating required login credentials that can include passwords, personal identification numbers (PINs), biometric scans, security tokens or other authentication factors. Multifactor authentication, which requires two or more authentication factors, is often an important part of layered defense to protect access control systems.

These security controls work by identifying an individual or entity, verifying that the person or application is who or what it claims to be, and authorizing the access level and set of actions associated with the username or IP address. Directory services and protocols, including the Local Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) and the Security Assertion Markup Language(SAML), provide access controls for authenticating and authorizing users and entities and enabling them to connect to computer resources, such as distributed applications and web servers.

Organizations use different access control models depending on their compliance requirements and the security levels of information technology they are trying to protect. 

Main Types of access control:-

• Mandatory access control (MAC): A security model in which access rights are regulated by a central authority based on multiple levels of security. Often used in government and military environments, classifications are assigned to system resources and the operating system or security kernel, grants or denies access to those resource objects based on the information security clearance of the user or device. For example, Security Enhanced Linux is an implementation of MAC on the Linux operating system.  
• Discretionary access control (DAC): An access control method in which owners or administrators of the protected system, data or resource set the policies defining who or what is authorized to access the resource. Many of these systems enable administrators to limit the propagation of access rights. A common criticism of DAC systems is a lack of centralized control.
• Role-based access control (RBAC): A widely used access control mechanism that restricts access to computer resources based on individuals or groups with defined business functions -- executive level, engineer level 1 -- rather than the identities of individual users. The role-based security model relies on a complex structure of role assignments, role authorizations and role permissions developed using role engineering to regulate employee access to systems. RBAC systems can be used to enforce MAC and DAC frameworks.
• Rule-based access control: A security model in which the system administrator defines the rules that to govern access to resource objects. Often these rules are based on conditions, such as time of day or location. It is not uncommon to use some form of both rule-based access control and role-based access control to enforce access policies and procedures.
• Attribute-based access control (ABAC): A methodology that manages access rights by evaluating a set of rules, policies and relationships using the attributes of users, systems and environmental conditions.

Use of access control

The goal of access control is to minimize the risk of unauthorized access to physical and logical systems. Access control is a fundamental component of security compliance programs that ensures security technology and access control policies are in place to protect confidential information, such as customer data. Most organizations have infrastructure and procedures that limit access to networks, computer systems, applications, files and sensitive data, such as personally identifiable information and intellectual property.

Access control systems are complex and can be challenging to manage in dynamic IT environments that involve on-premises systems and cloud services. After some high-profile breaches, technology vendors have shifted away from single sign-on systems to unified access management, which offers access controls for on-premises and cloud environments.

Implementing access control

Access control is a process that is integrated into an organization's IT environment. It can involve identity and access management systems. These systems provide access control software, a user database, and management tools for access control policies, auditing and enforcement.

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Video Conferencing System

What is Video Conferencing System ????

VIDEO CONFERENCING SYSTEM

Video conferencing is a technology that allows users in different locations to hold face-to-face meetings without having to move to a single location together. This technology is particularly convenient for business users in different cities or even different countries because it saves the time, expense and hassle associated with business travel. Uses for video conferencing include holding routine meetings,negotiating business deals and interviewing job candidates.

Video conferencing refers to conducting a video conference or video teleconference in which two or more sets of hardware and software interact while simultaneously transmitting and receiving video and audio signals from two or more geographic locations. Video conferencing may also involve sharing documents, various presentation materials, whiteboards, flip charts and similar group presentation visual aids. A tele presence system is most often used at the corporate or enterprise level and represents high-end video conferencing systems. Video conferencing is differentiated from video phone calls, which serve individuals as opposed to a conference. Video conferencing is also known as online video conferencing and PC video conferencing.

Video Conferencing System description as below in video : -  

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Different type of Video Conferencing System :-

1. Telepresence Video Conferencing System

Telepresence is designed to host a meeting as closely as possible. Even if the participants are not in the same room physically, the set-up is done in a way easily. Large screens are used and cameras are positioned at eye level. The result is a video conference set-up that appears as if all the participants are sitting in the same room and around the same table.

2. Integrated Video Conferencing System

Integrated video conferencing systems are designed generally for group video conferencing where there's a centralized location for the equipment. It include both the hardware and codec. All the main camera, displays and other peripheral videos are mounted in the main conference location. Integrated video conferencing systems are typically ideal for boardroom and classroom conferences.

 

3. Desktop Video Conferencing System

As an important one of types of video conferencing systems, desktop video conferencing system is very popular with people on-the-go and typical office workers. Within this option there are two choices available: a software client on your desktop or a hardware codec that doubles as your computer monitor. By using this type of set-up, the video conferencing system is brought right into your personal computer while still pulling off a full-motion conference.

4. Service-based Video Conferencing System

For serviced-based systems, the provider, which often is a telecom carrier, handles majority of the control when it comes to the network set-up. This means less work on your end. You just pay for the solution and your provider manages it for you making more convenient especially if you don't want to bother with the technicalities.

5. Codec

This alternative is the most like a room-based video conferencing framework in that it utilizes an outside display, camera and microphone, which is the same as does a framework for your meeting room. It is the best decision for someone who will utilize a whiteboard in his or her office who need to collaborate with a physical protest or some else in the room or who likes to stroll about the space while on a call. The space among you and the codec enables the flexibility to utilize the space in your office. This alternatives ranges in cost from $1500 to $8000 in addition to yearly charges for authorizing and upkeep.

Video Conference Basics Components of a Complete Video 
Conferencing System:  

(Camera, Display, Codec and Audio)

Video conferencing is the most sensible collaboration substitute to face-to-face meetings. If your company is thinking of implementing enterprise-level video conferencing, read this quick guide to the basic components necessary for the setup.

1. Camera

Companies need more than just the usual USB camera commonly used in web conferencing systems; they need high-definition primary conferencing cameras with advanced features such as (a) remote control pan and (b) zoom and tilt features. Secondary, specialized, and document cameras may also be used in conjunction with video conferencing to convey information whose clarity needs to be preserved, such as in the case of education sectors and in medical applications. High-definition (HD) cameras are usually preferred, as they offer the highest resolutions and the largest images.

2. Video Display

The most common displays are (a) LCD or HD Plasma Display, and (b) LCD/DLP Projector / XGA PC Type Display. Video conferencing systems may use more than one display option. Fact, many enterprise-level collaboration systems and large-venue video conferencing systems have several display tools that present different endpoints and data all together. The most preferred video displays are high-definition displays between 720p and 1080i / 1080p, as they provide the best resolution and allow about 20 percent more viewing area than standard / traditional definition display devices.

3. Video Conferencing Codec Unit

Often called the “heart and the brain” of the video conferencing system, the CODEC (also called the coder-decoder) takes the audio and video from the microphone and the camera and then compresses it, transmits it via an IP network, and decompresses (expands) the incoming audio and video signal or viewing on the video display device.

4. Microphone / Audio Sub-System

Basic enterprise-level video conferencing and collaboration systems use analog microphone pods, which are optimal for the use of a small group. In intermediate video collaboration systems, there is usually a conference phone – gated “array” of digital microphones – which are designed to run on integrated software. This software enhances the system’s audio capabilities. If the video conferencing is applied to larger rooms / venues, there needs to be an independent cancellation system for audio echo, and many microphones are usually connected to the integrated collaboration system to help facilitate large group interaction.

5. Other Equipment

Video conferencing equipment should be neatly organized is a cart designed especially for housing the collaboration systems and the ancillary devices. The flat panel display, camera, and codec are usually placed on top, and other equipment (PC, surges suppressor, DVR, switcher, etc.) are properly stored in the cabinet below. It is also a good idea to invest in diffuse directional lighting, as the usual fluorescent lighting found in most offices tends to be inefficient in video conferencing environments. Fluorescent and other overhead lighting are usually poorly located and do not have the adequate intensity nor the correct color temperature. Poorly located lighting can cast unwanted shadows on participants face and they will then appear dark and blurry at the far –end. It will create a lousy video conferencing experience for both local and far-ends parties.

Correct lighting used for video conferencing will also help the video display systems perform better, and likewise allow high-definition cameras – which require more light – to reach optimum potential.

Video Conferencing System block diagram  :-

Video conferencing enables dynamic real-time collaboration through video and audio communication between parties. “Telepresence” is a related term that implies advanced technology that is fast enough to eliminate perceivable delays. It also includes excellent sound quality as well as large, high resolution screens. This allows remote participants attending a conference to seem to actually be in the room. The great benefit is that travel is eliminated, yet much of the nuance of in-person communication is preserved. Mouser plays a role in advancing technology by providing you with the newest products for advanced designs.

Advantages of Video Conferencing System :-

1. No time constraint: Video conferencing can be conducted at any time of the day. Time differences between countries do not matter when people use this method of communication because they do not actually need to travel to attend meetings.

2. Dramatic travel saving: Not only is video conferencing a direct replacement for many in-person business trip, but also there is virtually no cost for people to be involved in a virtual meeting, you can easily bring the right them together.

3. Easy communication: People can use video conferencing to communicate with anyone with HD video and other collaboration tools such as whiteboard, text exchange, file sharing, media sharing, screen sharing, remote control, electronic voting, conference recording etc.

4. Increased productivity: By eliminating time and district barriers, meetings can be hold anytime, anywhere with anyone. In this way, meetings are shorter and more effective. And also with the rich collaboration tools, decisions can be made faster.

Disadvantages of Video Conferencing System :-

1. Lack of personal interaction: Some meetings require a personal touch to be successful. Video conferencing can be less personal than meeting face to face, and it can be possible to miss out on vital body language when you’re struggling with a pixelated image or stuttering video.

2.Technical problems: The major disadvantages are the technical difficulties associated with smooth transmissions that could result from software, hardware or network failure. Remote connections are sometimes known to be hampered by environmental changes. On some occasions, the absence of technical support personnel creates difficulty for participants who are unfamiliar with the videoconferencing technological concepts.

3. International time zones: One of the very real disadvantages of using video conferencing is that if you communicate regularly with people in other countries you will be available at different times to them. Unfortunately without the skills of a time lord there’s not really a practical way to overcome this.

4. High cost of setup: Setting up video conferencing in an office can be a bit expensive for small-sized companies. Simple features can fit into the budget, but if advanced features are required, then a substantial amount of expenditure must be done.

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IP Camera

What is IP camera?

An IP camera is a networked digital video camera that transmits data over a Fast Ethernet link. IP cameras (also called "network cameras") are most often used for IP surveillance, a digitized and networked version of closed-circuit television (CCTV).

An Internet Protocol camera, or IP camera, is a type of digital video camera commonly employed for surveillance, and which, unlike analog closed-circuit television (CCTV) cameras, can send and receive data via a computer network and the Internet. Although most cameras that do this are webcams, the term IP camera or netcam is usually applied only to those used for surveillance that can be directly accessed over a network connection.

Some IP cameras require support of a central network video recorder (NVR) to handle the recording, video and alarm management. Others are able to operate in a decentralized manner with no NVR needed, as the camera is able to record directly to any local or remote storage media. The first centralized IP camera was Axis Neteye 200, released in 1996 by Axis Communications.

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Benefits of IP camera over analog technology include:

• Remote administration from any location.
• Digital zoom.
• The ability to easily send images and video anywhere with an Internet connection.
• Progressive scanning, which enables better quality images extracted from the video, especially for moving targets.
• Adjustable frame rates and resolution to meet specific needs.
• Two-way communication.
• The ability to send alerts if suspicious activity is detected.
• Lower cabling requirements.
• Support for intelligent video.

Disadvantages of IP surveillance include greater complexity and bandwidth demands. One alternative for organizations with substantial investment in analog technology is to use a video server to, in effect, turn analog CCTV cameras to IP cameras. A video server is a small standalone server that converts analog signals to a digital format and provides the analog cameras with IP addresses.

Nevertheless, because it offers much more sophisticated capabilities, IP surveillance is increasingly replacing analog CCTV. An industry report from International Data Corporation (IDC) predicts that shipments of IP cameras and related products will increase 45% between 2009 and 2013.

IP Camera Diagram

Setting up your IP camera surveillance system using an NVR with Two Ethernet Ports : - 

The technology behind an IP security camera system is constantly evolving and there have been some nice improvements recently. Here at TechPro Security Products, we offer 3 types of systems including ones using IP cameras to provide the video. Although IP cameras may cost a bit more, they are also going to give you the highest resolution available on the market today. This article is going to explain how to set up this type of security camera system using a very useful configuration because some people are a bit intimidated by the networking involved.

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There are several different ways that an IP surveillance camera system can be set up. This article is going to go over the type of set up which uses a NVR with two Ethernet ports. This configuration is great because it can be used to avoid putting an unnecessary bandwidth load on a network. All of the IP cameras that we carry give you megapixel quality video. The data involved in transmitting the video from even a one megapixel camera is fairly significant. If you are working with several of these cameras or ones that provide higher resolution (we now carry up to 12 megapixel cameras!) then transmitting all of that video will use an immense amount of bandwidth. This will cause the most common network to not function correctly. Not only can it cause the camera system to not work correctly, it will probably mean that nothing else will be able to use that network correctly. The solution to this is using the second Ethernet port to keep the data involved with the video transmission separated from the main network.

For the purposes of this article we’ll go over setting up a 64 channel NVR with 64 cameras using the dual Ethernet port method. This set up will require the following equipment.

A 64 channel NVR (Model# NVR-ELHS-64-4K-DH)
A simple gigabyte switch (Model# Switch-5G)

A 16 channel POE switch. (Model# POE-16MB2GP)

An IP camera. (Model# IPOD-EL3MPIR50)

The first step in this type of setup is putting together a temporary configuration so that you can initialize each camera (see Diagram 1). You will need to have a computer, a POE switch and the NVR (using Ethernet port 1) all connected to the same router. You will also need to make sure that you have the NVR’s Ethernet port 1 configured to work with your network.

This layout will allow you to power each of the cameras and then log into them from the computer in order to get them set up to work with your NVR. The main thing you will need to do while logged into the camera will be to enable motion detection and assign the camera a unique IP address for the IP scheme that will be assigned to the NVR’s second Ethernet port. Changing the camera’s IP address is the last thing that you should do because you will not be able to access it from that computer once this change has been made and saved. There may be some other settings in the camera which will help to customize it for the application which you have planned for it. It’s also a good idea to label each camera with the IP address which you have assigned to it.

Once all of the cameras have been initialized, then they are ready to be set up in their final configuration (see Diagram 2). You will need to go to the network page of the NVR and choose “Multi-Address” from the drop down menu, this will allow each ethernet port to be set to a different IP scheme (for example – Ethernet port 1 can be set up to use the 192.168.1.1 scheme and Ethernet port 2 can be set up to use 10.1.1.1). This is a key feature in keeping the network which is handling the video transmission, from the cameras to the NVR, separate from the main network at the location.

At this point you should have Ethernet port 1 set to match the IP scheme of the main network, which will be used for remote connection. You should also have Ethernet port 2 set to a different IP scheme and all of your cameras set to unique IP address within that scheme (for example – Ethernet port 2 can be set to 10.1.1.1 and each camera would be set to 10.1.1.x, where x is unique to each camera).

The last step is to get each camera assigned to its own channel on the NVR. This is done by assigning the IP address from a camera to the particular channel which you want to associate with that camera’s live video feed and its recorded video footage. This will be accomplished through the ‘Remote’ page of the NVR using one of two different methods depending on the model of camera that you are using (see picture 1).

If the camera is one of our EL models (for example – IPOD-EL3MPIR50) then the NVR will detect it through the ‘Remote’ page of the NVR’s menu system. Clicking on the ‘Device Search’ button will get the NVR to list any network devices which it can detect. Once that you can see that the camera has been detected then all you have to do is put a check mark next to the camera’s IP address and click on the ‘ADD’ button.

If the camera you are using is any other type then you will need to manually add it to the NVR. To do this you will first need to click on the ‘Manual Add’ button. Next, you will need to enter the camera’s IP address, user name, password and the ports that it is using for video transmission.

What is the difference between IP and CCTV cameras?

OVERVIEW

Security cameras come in two distinct types, Digital(IP) and Analog(AHD, TVL, TVI, HD-SDI, HD-CVI). Many types of these security cameras are still widely in use. However the security camera industry continues to push the limits of resolutions and as a result, the use of digital IP security equipment continues to increase while analog continues to decline. Let’s take a look at the general differences in analog surveillance cameras and IP surveillance cameras.

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  RJ-59 Cable Ends-Security Camera

Analog Security Cameras

1. Analog cameras send a video signal to an encoder(DVR) which then processes the signal and records it.
2. Analog cameras require a direct connection to the DVR.
3. Analog security cameras require two cables, one for power and one for video.
4. Analog cameras have a limited platform of resolutions available.

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IP Security Cameras

1. IP Cameras encode the video signal at the camera and send the video to Network Video Recorder(NVR) through internet protocol(IP).
2. IP cameras require a connection to the same network as the NVR, and doesn’t have to be directly connected to the recorder.
3. IP Security cameras use Power over Ethernet(PoE) which means you only have one cable going to the camera that supplies power and transfers video.
4.The worst IP camera resolutions are far superior to the best analog resolutions.

IP SURVEILLANCE CAMERAS

IP security cameras have impressive resolutions and an ever evolving technologies. IP cams have introduced some of the biggest changes in the security world with their crystal clear 4k resolutions and smart video analytics. If your buying a security system for the first time or upgrading an existing one you should definitely consider using an IP security camera system. It has many benefits over analog and the overall install is easier compared to conventional security surveillance systems.Typical IP Resolutions in Pixels:
1920 x 1080 (2 Megapixels) 1080P HD
2688 x 1520 (4 Megapixels) HD+
3840 x 2160 (8 Megapixels) 4K+

Expect IP security cameras have minimum resolution of 1080P.

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HDCVI Security Camera

What is HDCVI technology?

Video surveillance is an integral part of security for countless organizations worldwide. Yet while the capabilities of these systems continue to improve, such as higher resolution and intelligent analytics, businesses are often restricted in the system design process by older infrastructure that doesn’t support the latest technologies. Unfortunately, high system design costs, technical challenges and other factors impede many companies’ efforts to upgrade their surveillance systems.

Enter High Definition Composite Video Interface (HDCVI) technology. HDCVI is a video standard that enables users to transmit HD video over existing coaxial cable infrastructure—ideal for lowering costs and maximizing return on investment.

First introduced by Dahua in 2012, HDCVI’s capabilities have been expanded over the years. The current standard, HDCVI 3.0, has a few key attributes that make it well-suited for a broad range of vertical markets.

4K / Ultra HD capability

HDCVI 3.0 is the first technology to provide up to 4K resolution in systems based on a coax infrastructure. It also boasts Starlight technology, allowing for crisp, clear, images in near-darkness, down to 0.008 lux. Wide Dynamic Range (WDR) of 120dB to 140dB, depending on the model, further supports the camera in challenging lighting environments.

Video technology compatibility

HDCVI 3.0 pentabrid recorders are compatible with all five of the primary video technologies offered in video surveillance: standard analog, AHD, IP, HDCVI, and HDTVI. Because it is backwards compatible, HDCVI 3.0 enables use of existing standard definition analog cameras while also receiving input from IP cameras. To that end, HDCVI 3.0 stands out for its ability to integrate several technologies within one system.

Digital video recorders (DVRs) using HDCVI 3.0 can serve as an access point for multiple security services, and integration is planned with external passive devices such as alarms, infrared sensors, and others. Video, audio and control signals and power are combined in a single cable. Both coaxial cable or unshielded twisted pair (UTP) cable can be used, and wireless transmission capability is currently being developed. Third-party integration with other network video recorders and video management software solutions is made possible by ONVIF Profile S conformance.

Intelligent feature support

Intelligent features – e.g., smart tracking, face recognition, people counting, heat mapping, and smart scene adaption – are supported by HDCVI 3.0. As a result, users can enjoy greater system functionality than would otherwise be possible on an analog system.

Some other intelligent features are intrusion detection, virtual tripwire, detection of missing and abandoned objects, and scene change. Because system design can be simplified and rip-and-replace costs are eliminated through HDCVI 3.0, these features can be enjoyed at with a lower overall investment.

HDCVI Cameras :- 

HDCVI cameras are the latest high definition cameras in the CCTV industry that support resolutions up to 2 Megapixels. The most important reason you should consider HDCVI cameras as part of your system is that they work over existing RG59 coax cable. If you already have good quality coax cable, i.e the kind that you get in a spool or roll of cable, then you can save yourself a lot headache and expense when upgrading your CCTV camera system to high definition instead of going with IP. We prefer HDCVI over HS-SDI, the other type of camera technology that allows for megapixel video over coax. HDCVI has proven to be reliable and free of the hassles of networking cameras which is a common complaint with IP cameras, and free of signal and camera issues which is a common problem with HD-SDI cameras. In the next year, we foresee HDCVI cameras gaining a larger market share of the megapixel CCTV camera market as they are low in cost, free of weird camera problems, and come in so many varieties like analog.

What are the advantages of an HDCVI CCTV system?

HDCVI CCTV offers HD recording at a lower cost   : 

The biggest advantage with HDCVI CCTV technology is that it offers high definition recording with the same installation advantages of conventional analog CCTV solutions. This generally means a lower cost installation and no network issues.

HDCVI cameras installed on standard coax cable : 

HDCVI cameras offer up to 2 megapixel recording resolution (1920×1080) but are installed using standard coax cable.

This means if you have an existing analog CCTV system the HDCVI cameras can simply replace your old analog cameras. It also means long cable runs over 100m are possible and a lower overall cabling cost when compared with IP CCTV. This can offer significant savings for large commercial buildings or multi-building sites.

Because and HDCVI system is not attached to the business or home network it won’t be at
 the mercy of network issues. Large file sizes, limitations to the bandwidth, viruses or too
many devices trying to use the network (congestion) are just some of the challenges facing
the installation and ongoing maintenance of an IP system.

HDCVI DVRs are only compatible with HDCVI CCTV cameras. Although HDCVI uses the same BNC type locking connectors and the same cable standard analog and HDCVI equipment is not interchangeable.

If you have an existing analog system the cables and connectors will most likely be
compatible with an HDCVI DVR. This means you can upgrade your system to HDCVI high definition cameras and recorder without having to re-cable or buy expensive adapters.

View footage in true real time

Because the image from a HDCVI CCTV camera is processed and compressed at the DVR (not the camera) it can be viewed live with no delay. IP cameras can experience ‘lag’ for up
to 2-seconds.

What is HDCVI and How to Connect HDCVI Camera and HDCVI DVR-Here is connection video

HD-CVI vs. HD-TVI 

HDTVI (High Definition Transport Video Interface) 

HDCVI (High Definition Composite Video Interface)

When it comes to the “New” HD over coaxial market, there are a couple, some say a few, choices on the market.  The 2 major players in the HD over coaxial market are HDTVI (High Definition Transport Video Interface)  and HD-CVI (High Definition Coaxial Video Interface).  There is a third lesser known technology, simply called AHD or analog High Definition.  Now you are probably sitting there saying to yourself, WTF is the difference between these technologies and which one is for me.  I will try to hopefully help give you some differences and benefits of the technologies

HD-TVI technology was created by a company called Techpoint in 2012 and backed by Hikvision around the same time.  This was created by a third party company to compete 
with a technology coming out from the factory Dahua, who was about to release HDCVI.  There have been rumors out there that someone planted spies inside of Dahua that learned what was coming and once pulled out they created the company called Techpoint.  But, I 
don’t think any of it will ever be confirmed.  Hikvision is the world’s largest surveillance manufacturer and backed by the Chinese Government and has backed Techpoint in this endeavor. It has brought us one of the biggest revolutions to the CCTV (closed circuit television) market since the creation of IP, internet protocol, cameras.

HDTVI like HDCVI both come from the same principles created by the TV industry with the government back mandate for a Higher Definition video transmission of all broadcasting. 
This spawned a surveillance type known as HD-SDI.  In essence, SDI had major limitations with regards to the distance it could be transmitted.  This limitation was eradicated with the 
creation of the two new technologies.  HDTVI is able to send 1080p video approximately one thousand feet, whereas HDCVI can transmit 720p video upwards of sixteen hundred feet and 1080p video around the same distance (or as quoted by Dahua – three hundred meters). There are some other similarities and then again a few differences.  I will go into and touch 
on the important, or better yet, more necessary information to know so you can have a better understanding of the two technologies.

With HDTVI recorders, all of them from their simple units up to their largest unit are capable 
of handling analog cameras, HDTVI cameras, Hikvision IP cameras and Prime IP/HDTVI cameras.  Whereas HDCVI recorders from the base model all the way up to 16 channel recorders (also known as Tribrid DVRs) can also handle analog cameras, HDCVI cameras, Dahua IP cameras, ONVIF IP cameras, Prime IP/HDCVI cameras and Elite IP/HDCVI cameras.  As you can see, both of the technologies recorders can handle three different technologies in one recorder making them Tribrid DVR’s.  There are Tribrid recorders that can only handle their specific technology as well as the two other technologies.  The major difference between the two technologies recorders are the Dahua recorders can also handle other brands IP cameras and the Hikvision TVI recorders can only handle Hikvision IP cameras.

Now both companies offer some basic camera models to go along with their technologies. 
 For example, you can get a fixed or varifocal lens dome or bullet option from both platforms 
as well as a Pan Tilt Zoom.  With HDTVI, there has been a slower development of a variety 
of camera models available from the major player.  Dahua has a very wide product line available and backed by the factory.  Now, both technologies have had third party companies that have stepped up to provide the wide variety of product lines that the factories have neglected.  I personally like the standard housings from both factories, but am also a huge 
fan of some of the third party product offerings as they typically have a wider variety of colors and mounting options that the big boys have neglected to adopt.

I have always been a fan of third party cameras and typically find that you will get more 
options for a lower price point than you find from the major players.  Now the major players 
will typically have stronger warranties than the smaller factories, but bang for buck the smaller factories give you a damn good product.  I personally like the Techpro Series cameras for both HDCVI and HDTVI for the options that they offer and some of the form factors are more appealing in my opinion.  I have had and installed many of systems over the years, as I was 
an installer and integrator for several of years before coming on board.  I have found these newer technologies are as simple to use as the original Closed Circuit Television systems, 
with the major advantage of much higher definition and quality.

Conclusion

As you can see, there really is not much of a difference between these two types of technologies, outside of the major players in the industry backing them.  I have personally used both of their interfaces, applications for mobile devices, and CMS software and find 
them on a fairly level playing field.  Some of the major differences between them come in the Graphical User Interface or GUI for short.  For a first time user, they are both rather easy to 
get through, allthough I believe HDCVI has a slightly easier to use interface for the novice in the surveillance world.  The reason is that the interface has a better simpler layout than you find in the HDTVI system.  HDTVI has things nestled under different tabs, very similar to what HDCVI did in the beginning until the addition of the “Blue” user interface experience. I guess the bottom line on this is… if you are starting from scratch either system will work for you, or 
if you are doing an upgrade from an existing analog system either will work.  Now if you have used Techpro Security Products DVRs in the past you would want to stick with the Elite line, but if you are starting new, the Prime line would be a good place to look at as it is a very nice and solid platform and generally a little less money.

HD-TVI (High Definition Transport Video Interface) are some of the newest and most affordable cameras on the market. They have a very sharp image, up to 1080p, in real time, and they are very easy to install. This camera combines high resolution with fast transmission. The cameras are affordable, with the costs varying depending on a few factors such as whether you need indoor or outdoor cameras.

HD-CVI (High Definition Composite Video Interface) cameras are similar in
many ways to HD-TVI in their resolution and speed, but tend to be a bit more expensive, and are only made by one manufacturer – DAHUA, a Chinese company. These cameras are also high speed, high-def, and user-friendly, although they do not produce as crisp of an image as HD-TVI in lower lighting.

When it comes to the “New” HD over coaxial market, there are a couple, some say a few, choices on the market.  The 2 major players in the HD over coaxial market are HDTVI (High Definition Transport Video Interface)  and HD-CVI (High Definition Coaxial Video Interface). There is a third lesser known technology, simply called AHD or analog High Definition.  Now you are probably sitting there saying to yourself, WTF is the difference between these technologies and which one is for me.  I will try to hopefully help give you some differences and benefits of the technologies.

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